不同稻秆炭和竹炭施用水平对小青菜产量、品质以及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of different application rates of rice straw biochar and bamboo biochar on yield and quality of greengrocery(Brassica chinensis) and soil properties

为探明不同添加水平的两种生物炭对小青菜产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响,为生物炭在蔬菜生产中的有效利用提供依据,开展田间种植试验,在配施氮肥情况下分别添加0、5、10、20、40 t/hm2稻秆炭和竹炭,结果表明,高水平施加稻秆炭和竹炭(20 t/hm2、40 t/hm2)均能显著降低菜地土壤容重,提高土壤pH、有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量,但对土壤有效磷和阳离子交换量未产生显著性影响;两种生物炭对小青菜增产均具有促进作用;当添加量为40 t/hm2时,稻秆炭和竹炭使小青菜维生素C含量有所升高,总糖含量分别升高31.2%和19.5%,硝酸盐含量分别降低15.0%和16.4%,综合效果稻秆炭优于竹炭,而对小青菜粗纤维和蛋白质的作用不明显。施加生物炭有利于增加土壤孔隙度,提升土壤肥力,改善小青菜品质。生物炭可作为土壤改良剂施用于蔬菜,但具体施用量需根据生物炭和蔬菜种类来确定。

Effects of two kinds of biochar at different application rates on yield and quality of greengrocery （ Brassica chinensis） and soil properties were investigated for providing a scientific basis for the effective utilization of biochar on vegetable production .A field experiment was carried out in a farm with 0 , 5 , 10 , 20 and 40 t/ha of rice straw biochar and bamboo biochar amendment under the condition of nitrogen fertilization . Yield and quality of greengrocery and soil properties were determined after the harvest .The results show that both rice straw biochar application and bamboo biochar application at high rates （ 20 and 40 t/ha ） significantly reduce soil bulk density , and increase soil pH , organic carbon , total nitrogen and available K .However , soil available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity do not show significant differences between the treatments with and without biochar amendment .The yields of greengrocery are improved with biochar amendment . The vitamin C contents of greengrocery are increased , and total sugar contents are significantly increased by 31.2%and 19.5%while nitrate contents are significantly decreased by 15.0%and 16.4%under 40 t/ha of rice straw biochar and bamboo biochar amendment , respectively .The yield and quality of greengrocery and soil fertility can be improved by the application of rice straw biochar and bamboo biochar .Biochar can be applied to vegetables as a kind of soil conditioner . However , the suitable application amounts are determined by the types of biochar and vegetable .