河南省3个梨主产区果园土壤养分分析

Analysis of Orchard Soil Nutrients in Three Major Pear Production Regions of Henan Province

2009年对河南省3个梨主产区宁陵县、黄泛区农场、内黄县的梨园土壤养分状况进行调查分析,以期为梨园合理施肥提供依据。结果表明:3个梨主产区的梨园土壤pH值为7.23～7.37,处于较适宜水平。土壤有机质含量为7.3～11.3g/kg,总体处于适宜范围低端或缺乏状态。碱解氮含量为31.42～67.63mg/kg,总体处于适宜范围低端或缺乏状态;有效磷含量和有效钾含量分别为20.86～70.23mg/kg、90.84～201.86mg/kg,总体分别处于较丰富、适宜状态。3个梨主产区交换性钙、交换性镁含量丰富;宁陵县和内黄县梨园土壤有效铁含量缺乏、有效铜含量适宜,黄泛区农场梨园土壤有效铁含量适宜、有效铜含量过高;有效锰含量总体处于适宜值范围低端或缺乏状态;有效锌和有效硼含量均适宜。3个梨主产区梨园土壤养分存在差异。因此,建议梨主产区应因地制宜,增施有机肥,合理施用氮肥,稳定磷钾肥,补施铁锰微肥,减少含铜杀菌剂的使用。

The orchard soil nutrients in the major pear production regions （Ningling county, Huangfan town farm,Neihuang county）of Henan province were analyzed in 2009, so as to provide scientific refer- ence for reasonable fertilizer application of pear orchards. The results showed that the pH value was 7.23--7.37,in appropriate level; the organic matter content was low with 7.3--11.3 g/kg; the available nitrogen content was low with 31.42--67.63 mg/kg;the available phosphorous content was rich with 20.86 -- 70.23 mg/kg; available potassium content was 90.84-- 201.86 mg/kg, in appropriate level. The contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg were rich;the available Mn content was low with 6.17--10.59 mg/kg;the contents of available Zn and Bn were in appropriate level. In Ningling and Neihuang counties, the content of available Cu was in appropriate level, while available Fe was lack. In Huangfan town farm,the available Cu content was high,and available Fe was in appropriate level. Overall, the soil nutrient was different among three regions. Therefore, it was suggested that some measures should be adopted in the tested pear orchards, such as increas- ing organic matter, rational application of nitrogen fertilizer, sustaining the phosphorus and potas- sium,increasing the content of Fe,Mn,and decreasing the Cu fungicide.