“中国人种西来说”与清末的汉藏同源论

"Doctrine of Chinese Human Species from the West" and Sino-Tibetan Homologous Theory in the Late Qing Dynasty

清朝末年,"中国人种西来说"传入中国,随即成为国族建构的理论工具。革命派借此强调华夏西来,满汉不同,证明"排满"的正当性;维新派借此论证中国各族同源异流,实同兄弟,不可分离。该学说认为东迁之族,有一支南下成为藏族的先民,因此,两派都认可汉藏同源之论,成为当时国族建构争论中少有的共识。民国初年,该学说日渐式微。抗日战争爆发后,为凝聚国民,挽救危亡,汉藏同源论再度复兴,成为舆论宣传的重要内容。清末的汉藏同源论强调的是以血缘等根基性纽带为基础的国族建构方式,不同于中国历史上以文化为核心的民族观念,由此推导出的文化同化政策,对近代中国的边疆治理产生了深刻影响。

In the late Qing Dynasty, ＂doctrine of Chinese human species from the west＂was introduced into China, and became the theory tool for nation construction. The revolutionaries stressed that Chinese came from the west, and Man was different from Han so as to testify the legitimacy of ＂excluding Man＂; reformers demonstrated through the theory that nations of China were on the isogeny and dissimilation, and undivided. The doctrine says that ,among the nations moved eastwards, one moved towards the south and became the ancestor of Tibetan, both of the two sides accepted the Sino-Tibetan homologous theory that was the remarkable consensus in the argument of nation construction. In the early Republican period, the theory became fading away. After the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War, the theory revived for uniting the people and saving the country, it became the main content of consensus propaganda. The theory stressed the nation construction on the base of blood relationship link that was different from the nuclear national concept in Chinese history, the cultural policy of assimilation from the theory had profound impact on board land governing of modern China.