论语言接触的类型、方式和过程

Research on Language Contact:Types,Methods,and Process

语言接触是不同语言相处时的相互影响。其类型包括:早期民族语言的"底层"、外族语借词、历代通语及方言的语音、词汇在方言中的积存,有的已形成语音或词汇的区域特征,在方言的边界则往往有更多的变异。常见的语言接触的方式有叠加式、双语并用式、借贷式和感染式。语言接触的过程总是由浅层到深层、由量变到质变、由局部到系统。深度接触的结果可以形成过渡语、混合语或发生语言转化。

Language contact happens when different kinds of languages interact with each other. There are four types of language contact. They are early nation language elements from the bottom layer of the language, loanwords from other nations; remain of pronunciation and vocabulary in lingua franca and dialects. Some of them are accumulated to form regional characteristics. There are usually more language variations on the boundaries of different dialects. Common ways of language contact are including overlappedness, paratactic bilingualism, lending and borrowing, and affectedness. Language contact are developing from surface to deeper layer, change from quantitative way to qualitative way, from part to the whole system. Deep contacts of languages results in inter language, lingua franca and language transformation.