有声无字的词

Pre-modern Chinese Mass Language without Chinese Characters

汉语在近代时期曾发生过较大的变化。当时老百姓的口语方言以及少数民族的语言,也就是"有声无字"的词在文献资料中曾大量出现。例如《儿女英雄传》的"代服",用现代汉语记为"大夫",意思为"医生"。又如《醒世姻缘传》中"呵",在《石头记》里"欠"字,用现代汉语记为"喝",本来都是有声无字。把老百姓的口语写起来,作者、编者借用同音词或近音词,这是近代汉语的一个重要特点。此番讨论的所谓有声无字的词,如:落、拾、使、桶、学、着、坐、作等等。本文将对这两种词汇进行解读,进一步阐明这些词虽然在外表上都与文言书面语汉字相同,但其涵义却大不相同。

In the pre-modern Chinese period, tremendous changes have taken place on Chinese language in the history. At that time, most of the common people＇ s language and dialect, as well as that of ethnic minorities, was only uttered and not associated with specific characters. An example of such mass language was recorded in historical Chinese literature such as Emil yinxiong zhuan（儿女英雄传） is ＂daifu（代服）＂which means ＂doetor＂,speh ＂大夫＂in modem Chinese. Also,＂he（呵）＂in Xingshi yinyuan zhuan（醒世姻缘传） and ＂he（盍欠）＂in Shitou ji（石头记） should be written as ＂he（喝）＂ now. These differences in spelling were caused by the feature of mass people＇s language as mentioned above. Authors in those days used homophones or phonetically similar characters to express mass language. This paper deals with mass language without characters such as ＂lao（落）,shi（拾）,shi （使）,tong（桶）,xiao（学）,zhao（着）,zuo（坐）,zuo（作） ＂.