“主位”视角下光棍社会地位的再研究——基于江汉平原的经验调查

A Re-study of the Bachelors' Social Status in the Thematic Perspective Based on the Investigation of Jianghan Plain

光棍在传统社会中成为一种依附性的力量,嵌入到村庄结构中。光棍是弱势的文化指涉始终是乡土社会实践的"非意外结果",由此,学者通过"婚姻挤压"和"婚姻排斥"导演出光棍的"被迫性"问题。但是,随着差序格局的理性化和传统村落社区的解体,光棍的"弱势"意蕴逐渐得以"祛魅"。基于经验调查,本文从"主位"视角出发展开对光棍社会地位的再研究,从经济条件的优厚者、婚姻的高要价者、家庭结构中的当家者、人情的积极互动者、关系和资源的拥有者五个方面来呈现出光棍较高的社会地位,打破光棍弱势之迷,光棍只是作为一种生活方式的选择而已,这样就将光棍研究进一步推向"主位选择"的纵深层面。

The bachelors are a dependent social group embedding into the village social structure in traditional society. As the vulnerable cultural reference, the bachelors are the non-accidental outcome of rural social practice. Thus, through the marriage squeeze and marriage exclusion, the sociologists infer to their social deprival. However, with the rationalization of the differential pattern and the disintegration of the traditional village community in China, the vulnerableness of bachelors is in a process of disenchantment. Based on empirical investigation, the article further reviews the bachelors＇ social status from the thematic perspective. Five indicators are design for the study： favorable economic condition, the claimer for high compensation in marriage, the head of the family, the active roles in human relation interactions, the owner of relations and resources. The results show that the bachelors are no longer vulnerable group, instead they boast of relatively higher social status, and the bachelorship is just a lifestyle by their free selection.