住房体制改革与改善民生——以几种典型低收入群体为例

The Reform of Housing System and Improvement of the People's Livelihood:Based on Several Typical Low Income Groups

实现低收入群体"住有所居"是改善民生的重要任务。对浙江、湖南和贵州三省1 032位城市低收入者的调查表明:低收入群体住房面积偏小,住房自有率、租住公共产权房比率和住房满意度均偏低;对商品房面积期望偏高、购买力不足,市场失灵明显;对经济适用房或廉租房的面积需求与现行国家政策相冲突、选址需求与实际建设选址相矛盾,政府失灵明显;经济适用房和廉租房的住房保障功能未能充分发挥,对住房保障政策和服务机构满意度偏低。改善民生,推进住房体制改革,要建立以公共租赁住房为主体的住房保障体系;要建立保障性住房的公众参与机制;要完善住房保障制度的核准、进入和退出机制。

To ensure a residence for the low-income population is an important objective of improving people＇s livelihood. A survey of 1032 urban residents with low income in the provinces of Zhejiang, Hunan and Guizhou shows that their have relatively small housing area, that the rates of housing ownership, public housing renting and housing satisfaction are low, that they have higher expectations for commercial housing area, along with low purchas- ing power, that their demands for affordable housing and low rent housing in terms of housing area and site are not in accordance the state＇s policy, and that the systems of affordable housing and low rent housing do not function well. The reform of housing system in improving people＇s livelihood entails the establishment of a housing security system centering on public rental housing, a public participation mechanism in building affordable housing system, and a mechanism of approval, entry and exit in improving housing security system.