福建富铝化土壤中高岭类矿物的结晶度

The Crystallinity of Kaolin Minerals of Allitic Soils in Fujian Province

根据 X 射线衍射谱上高岭类矿物001衍射峰的特征讨论了福建富铝化土壤(包括少数紫色土)中高岭的结晶度及其影响因素,并结合电镜观察结果讨论了结晶度与埃洛石含量及与高岭石形态的关系.酸性岩类及变质砂岩发育的土壤和风化度高的土壤高岭结晶度较高,基性岩发育的及风化度低的土壤高岭结晶度较低.结晶度差的高岭中一般含有较多的埃洛石,但有例外.结晶好的高岭中之高岭石一般颗粒较大,形态较完整,但在结晶度很差的山地黄壤中也发现了颗粒大、形态较完整的高岭石.

The crystallinity of kaolin minerals of the allitic soils,including some purple soils,in Fujian province was discussed based on the characteristics of 001 diffraction peak of kaolin.The factors influencing crystallinity,the relationships between crystallinity and halloysite as well as the morphological features of kaolinite were also discussed.The kaolins of' the soils developed from acid rocks and metamorphic sandstone had better crystallinity than those from basic rocks.The crystallinity increased with increasing weathering degree of soil.Poorly crystallized kaolins generally contained more halloysite than well crystallized ones.The kaolinites in better crystallized kaolin had larger particles and more normal shapes. However,quite large kaolinite particles with typical hexagonal shapes were found in a moun- lain yellow soil in which the crystallinity of kaolin was rather poor.