试论叙事研究的方法问题

On Methodology of Narrative Research

近年来有关叙事研究的本体论探讨已比较充分,而方法论研究则相对比较欠缺。作为研究和表达的方式方法,叙事研究与案例研究有着共同的"质的研究"的方法论背景,这是二者的边界比较模糊的主要原因。其区别主要在于二者的研究侧重点有所不同,导致其思维和表达方式有所差异。涉及叙事研究的几种相关理论包括规范的质的研究、课例研究、关键教育事件、个人教育史等。当前要突破叙事研究的瓶颈,必须关注叙事与研究的关系,尤其是关注"故事中"的研究的方法问题。从有关叙事理论和研究实践看,选择复杂情境、建立因果关系、叙事的理论化等叙事方法值得关注。

Nowadays talks on ontology of narrative research have been prevalent, while there are few of them on methodology. As the methods of research and expression, narrative study and case study share the same methodological background of qualitative research, which is the reason why the border between the two kinds of research is vague. Actually the two kinds of research are different in their research focus, which has resulted in the differences in the ways of thinking and expressing. Several theories related to the narrative research include typical qualitative study, lesson study, key educa- tional events, personal education history and so on. Currently, it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between narration and research, especially the methodology in the ＂story-telling＂ research in order to break the bottleneck of narra- tive research. From the perspective of narrative theory and practice, attention should he paid to such narrative methods as the choice of complex situations, construction of causal connection, and theorization of narration.