教育领域非国家权力的约束与师生的权利保护

Restrictions on the Non-state Power in Educational Field and the Protection of Teachers’ and Students’ Rights

教育管理中存在两类不对等关系,一类是行政法律关系,一类是非行政法律关系。在这两种不对等关系中,被管理方的合法权益容易受到侵害。权力包括强制性权力、奖赏性权力、法定性权力、专家型权力和参照性权力五种,这些权力都能以"非国家性权力"的方式存在,并会侵害师生权利。约束"非国家权力"的方式与约束国家行政权力的方式相似:把学校和教师所拥有的"非国家权力"进行限制并予以法律化,然后通过国家强制力予以实施,把权力放在法律的"笼子里"进行约束;加强学校信息公开,特别是加强校务公开,以利于各方监督,把权力放在"阳光下"予以约束。

There exist two kinds of unequal relationships in educational management, one is administrative legal relationship, and the other is non-administrative legal relation- ship, thus the legitimate rights and interests of the side under management are likely to be infringed. The power is comprised of five types：coercive power, reward power, le- gitimate power, expert power and reference power, all of which can exist in the form of non-state power, and may infringe teachers＇ and students＇ rights. The way to restrict ＂the non-state power＂ is similar to that to restrict national administrative power： legal- ize restrictions on schools＇ and teachers＇ ＂non-state power＂, and then impose restrictions through the coercive force of the state, keeping power restricted in ＂the cage＂ of law; promote school information disclosure, especially strengthen the disclosure of adminis- trative affairs of a school to help facilitate the supervision by all parties and to restrict the power ＂in the sun＂.