政策执行模式对于扶贫绩效的影响——以1980年代以来中国扶贫模式的变化为例

On the Impact of Policy Implementation Modes on the Performance of Poverty Reduction

政策执行是连接政策与政策目标之间的中间桥梁,政策执行的模式选择直接影响着政策绩效。通过对中国80年代以来扶贫进程的分析得出,政策执行模式经历了自上而下、自下而上以及整合型三个阶段,与此对应,扶贫模式也经历了开发式、参与式以及合作式三个阶段,从而产生了不同的政策绩效。新形势下,中国的反贫困政策要将自上而下与自下而上的执行模式有机组合起来,形成组合策略。

Policy implementation is the medium bridge connecting between policy objectives and policy itself, and the policy implementation modes chosen have direct effects on the performance of policy. From the analysis of poverty reduction in China since 1980s, this paper analyzes that, the policy implementation modes has experienced three stages： top-down mode, bottom-up mode and integrated mode. Correspondingly, there are three stages of the poverty reduction modes： development-oriented mode, participation-oriented mode and cooperation-oriented mode, which leads to different performance of poverty reduction. Under the new situation, anti-poverty policy in China should integrate the top-down and the bottom-up implementation modes in order to formulate effective strategy.