哈贝马斯的正义观与当代价值——兼论哈贝马斯与罗尔斯正义观的主要异同

Habermas’ Theory of Justice and Contemporary Value——Major Similarities and Differences between Habermas and Rawls Regarding the Theory of Justice

哈贝马斯是当代著名思想家,他在与罗尔斯的辩争中发展和完善了自己的正义思想。与罗尔斯以"原初状态"为前提、以政治正义为本质、以自由平等为核心的正义理论不同,哈贝马斯立足于理想的市民社会和生活世界之背景,以社会交往和主体间性学说为理论基础,提出和论证了以"理想语境"为前提、以程序正义为本质、以"合法性"为核心内容的正义学说,期冀通过人们之间的理性商谈这种合理程序来促进社会公平正义的实现。鉴于我国社会目前亟需解决的社会不公问题,对哈贝马斯正义理论的研究可为我国政治、法律和社会制度建设以及整个中国特色社会主义建设事业提供重要启示和借鉴。

Habermas, a famous contemporary thinker, developed his theory of justice in debate with Rawls, whose theory of justice is characterized by political justice with ＂original position＂ as the premise, freedom and equality as the core. Different from Rawls, Habermas＇ theory of justice is based on the background of ideal civil society and life world with social communication and inter-subjectivity theory as its theoretical foundation. It is characterized by procedural justice with ＂ideal context＂ as the premise and ＂legitimacy＂ as the core. Apparently Habermas hopes to promote the realization of social justice through a reasonable procedure with rational negotiation between people. Faced with the pressing problems of social injustice in China, the study of Habermas＇ thoery of justice will certainly provide some constructive advice for the development of political, legal and social systems of our country and the whole cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.