18世纪以降文化与文明的话语博弈

On the Discourse of Culture VS Civilization since the 18th Century

18世纪的德国通过"狂飙突进运动"创造性地提出"文化"的概念并以之与老牌殖民主义国家英、法创立、延续的"文明"概念相抗衡,有效地促进了德国民族意识的觉醒并从文化上整合了分裂的日耳曼人,配合了德国经济、政治、军事的崛起,奠定了迄今为止的德国在国际上的地位。本文较全面地对18世纪文化与文明的话语博弈及文化与文明的深层关系作了深入辨析,提出了中国当下有必要借鉴德国18世纪开创文化概念的思路和过程,思考中国如何突破西方主流思想搭建的文明和文化两套话语体系,为当下中国需要一个什么样的文化观念,以及用什么样的逻辑思路去建构这样的文化观念提供一种历史的观察视角。

This paper attempts to explore the possibility of extricating China from the discourse of ＂Culture VS Civilization＂ created by the West. It adopts the methodology of archaeology of knowledge, to investigate the redefinition of ＂Culture＂ by Germany in the eighteenth century, and the game playing between Germany and the alliance of UK, USA, and France back then. It suggests that the Sturm-und-Drang movement and the international influences of the ideology of ＂Culture＂ afford us lessons that merit attention. Contemporary China is in need of a cultural concept with Chinese insights and characteristics, in order to communicate with global discourse system.