金融发展与中国城乡收入差距形成——基于分省面板数据的实证检验

Financial Development and the Formation of Urban-Rural Income Gap——An Empirical Test Based on CrossProvincial Panel Data

本文利用1978—2008年的中国省际面板数据,分析了金融发展影响城乡收入差距的传递机制。分析表明,中国金融发展确实发挥着拉大城乡收入差距的作用,当前城乡之间的产业差异以及各种制度性障碍使得非农化与城镇化进程相脱节,农村居民越来越不适应城镇非农产业发展的需要、农村第一产业生产效率难以得到提高都是拉大城乡收入差距的原因。另外,经济发展虽然最终会逐渐缩小城乡收入差距,但其不会自然到来,需要各方面政策的协同落实。

Based on China＇s cross-provincial panel data for the period 1978-2008, we stud- ied the transmission mechanism of financial development influencing urban-rural income gap. This result shows that China＇s financial development definitely plays a role in widening urban-rural income gap. Moreover, sector differences between urban and rural area, together with various institutional barriers, sever the connection between non-agriculture transition and urbanization. Rural residents don＇t adapt well to the requirement of industrial development. Productivity in the agriculture sector fails to improve. The above factors jointly cause the widening of urban-rural income gap. And the result also shows that al- though economic development will ultimately narrow the urban-rural income gap, it won＇t occur spontaneously, thus various policies need to be coordinated and implemented.