日本的民事诉讼和解程序与心证公开

Japan's Settlement of Civil Procedure and Evaluation of Evidence in Public

在日本的民事诉讼中,多数都未发展至判决阶段就以和解的形式而告终结。法院在诉讼进行到任何程序时,都可以尝试和解,或者使受命法官或受托法官尝试和解。目前,日本《民事诉讼法》设立了多元化的和解程序,包括起诉前的和解程序、替代和解的决定、书面应诺和解条款的和解程序和仲裁性和解程序。通过心证公开,可以在某程度上厘清诉讼或纷争全貌并确保当事人对此形成一定的共识,有利于促成当事人的和解。

Civil procedure in Japan,most of which have not reached the stage of sentence,come to an end in the form of settlement.The court,irrespective of any procedure of litigation,may attempt to arrange a settlement or has an authorized judge or commissioned judge attempt to arrange a settlement.At present,Japan＇s civil procedure law has set up a diversified settlement of civil procedures,including settlement prior to filing of action,order in lieu of settlement,acceptance by means of document of proposed terms of settlement and terms of settlement determined by court,etc.Through making the evaluation of evidence public,to certain extent,it is good for ascertaining the facts,ensuring that the parties to form a consensus and reach a settlement.