妇产科专业发展趋势与设想

Development Trend and Presumption of Gynecology & Obstetrics

目的综述国内外妇产科疾病诊断和治疗的最新进展及发展趋势,为军区妇产科专业发展提供方向及理论依据。方法通过PubMed及CNKI检索近年来妇产科专业相关中文及英文文献,对妇产科疾病诊断和治疗的最新进展进行分析、归纳及总结。结果近年来妇科腹腔镜、宫腔镜、阴式手术等微创手术日益成熟,妇科盆底功能障碍发病机制新理论促进了盆底重建手术的改进。产科危重症病房的建立有利于危重症产妇得到及时监护和救治,孕妇外周血中胎儿游离DNA及RNA的发现为无创产前诊断提供了新途径,健康与疾病的胚胎发育起源学说受到重视。保留女性生育能力及辅助生殖技术不断发展。军队妇产科专业在妇科机器人系统辅助下手术、精准妇科肿瘤手术、经基因芯片试管婴儿助孕技术等方面处于领先地位。北京军区妇产科专业处于临床发展阶段,需紧跟最新研究前沿开展新业务、新技术。结论随着科技水平的不断提高,妇产科专业将会持续蓬勃发展。军区妇产科应加强科研力量,促进基础研究和临床研究同步发展,建立知识创新机制,使学科整体水平达国内领先。

Objective To review the latest progress and development trend of diagnosis and treatment for gyne- cological and obstetrical diseases in China and foreign countries in order to provide the direction and the theoretical basis for further development in PLA. Methods The relevant literature in English and Chinese about gynecology ＆ obstetrics in recent years were retrieved from Pubmed and CHKI, and the last progress of diagnosis and treatment was analyzed and summarized. Results In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques such as gynecological laparoscopy, hyste- roscopy and vaginal surgery are more and more mature. New theories of pathogenesis in gynecological pelvic floor dysfunc- tion promoted improvement of surgical techniques in pelvic floor reconstruction. Establishment of intensive care unit （ICU） is helpful for severe eases of custodial care and treatment. Free fetal DNA and RNA in maternal blood are condu- cive for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Theory of embryo development origin in health and disease has received more and more emphasis. Reservation of female potentia generandi and assisted reproductive technologies has been developed rapidly. The technologies of surgical robotic assisting system, accurate gynecologic neoplasms surgery and the gene chips of IVF in military hospitals are in an advanced stage. The discipline of obstetrics and gynecology of Beijing Military Area Command is still in clinical development stage, and new technologies should be developed by following the latest research and development. Conclusion The basic research and clinical research can be simultaneously developed with enhanced professional level. The obstetrics and gynecology in PLA should be enhanced in scientific research, and the mechanism of knowledge creativity should be established to obtain a high position in the domestic academic community.