北京周边部队新兵上呼吸道感染病例病原快速筛查结果分析

Analysis of the Rapid Detection for Pathogens in Recruits with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in a PLA Unit near Beijing

目的了解北京周边部队新兵上呼吸道感染病例常见呼吸道病原谱构成。方法采集409例出现上呼吸道感染症状新兵的咽部分泌物，采用胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）快速筛查流感病毒A、B（FluA、B）抗原，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）抗原，腺病毒（ADV）抗原，留取中段尿液筛查军团菌（LP）抗原，快速培养法筛查肺炎支原体（MP）抗原。比较上述抗原阳性率在南、北籍新兵间及MP抗原阳性率在5个驻地（1～5组）新兵间的差异。结果病原总检出率为28．85％，抗原阳性率由高到低依次为MP（17．85％）、LP（9．78％）、RSV（0．73％）、FluA（0．49％），FluB和ADV未检出。MP、LP、RSV、FluA阳性率在南、北籍新兵中存在差异，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。5个不同驻地新兵MP阳性率差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）。结论GICA和快速培养法筛查上呼吸道感染病原体方便、快捷。新兵在人训期间上呼吸道感染病原以MP为主。提高官兵防病意识，科学施训，改善官兵的居住环境，有利于降低上呼吸道感染的发病率。

Objective To study pathogens composition of common respiratory pathogens in recruits with upper respiratory tract infection in a PLA unit near Beijing. Methods Samples of pharyngeal secretions were collected from 409 recruits with upper respiratory tract infection. The antigens of influenza virus A and B （ FluA, B） , respiratory syncy- tial viruses （RSV） , adenovirus （ ADV ） of pharyngeal secretions and legionella pneumophila （LP） of medistream urine were rapidly detected with gold immunoehromatographic assay （GICA） , and the antigen of mycoplasma pneumoniae （MP） was detected with rapid cultivation. The differences of positive rates of the antigens in recruits from different areas and positive rates of MP in recruits from other five units were compared. Results The total detection rate of respiratory pathogen antigen was 28.85% , the positive rates of antigens from high to low were 17.85% of MP, 9.78% of LP, 0.73% of RSV and 0.49% of Flu A, but Flu B and ADV were not detected. The differences of positive rates of MP, LP, RSV and Flu A in recruits from different areas showed no statistical significances （P 〉 0.05）. The differences of positive rate of MP in recruits from other five units were statistically significant. Conclusion Methods of GICA and rapid cultivation in detection of upper respiratory tract infection pathogens are convenient and quick. MP is the main common pathogen of upper respiratory tract infection during the recruits＇training. The incidence of upper respiratory tract infection can be decreased by enhancing awareness of disease prevention, training in a scientific way and improving the living con- ditions of the recruits.