河北太行山干旱片麻岩山地土壤理化性质

Study on soil physical and chemical properties in drought mountainous area with gneissic basement rock in Taihang Mountain of Hebei

研究了河北太行山干旱片麻岩山地土壤理化性质,结果表明:该地区土壤为砂质壤土,坡面不同坡位土壤细黏粒含量均随土层深度的加深而减少,土壤砂粒含量均随土层深度的加深而增加;不同坡位的土壤密度均随土层深度的加深而增加,坡面土壤的0～10 cm土层密度最小,坡上部、坡中部、坡下部的值分别为1.34、1.21和1.20g/cm3;不同坡位的土壤孔隙度均随土层深度的增加而下降;不同坡位的土壤最大持水量、有效持水量、毛管持水量均随土层深度的增加而减少,与土壤的孔隙度情况变化趋势一致;不同坡位有机质、全磷、全钾含量的均值表现为坡上部<坡中部<坡下部,有机质、全磷含量均随土层深度的增加而下降,全钾含量则呈相反趋势;不同坡位0～5cm土层的有机质含量均最高,值分别为19.34、29.29和30.59 g/kg;不同坡位土壤的全氮含量无差异,值均为0.07g/kg;而不同坡位的速效钾含量均呈先降低后升高的趋势。

Soil physical and chemical properties in drought gneissic mountainous area in Taihang Mountain were studied. The results showed that the soil was sandy loam. The content of soil fine clay was reduced with the increasing of soil depth, and the content of soil sand was increased in each slope position. The soil bulk density of each slope position was increased with the deepening of soil depth. The soil bulk density in 0 to 10 cm layer was the smallest, and the values of the upper slope, the middle slope, the lower slope were 1.34, 1.21, 1.20 g/cm^3 ,respectively. The total porosity, noncapillary po-rosity and capillary porosity of each soil layer all decreased with the increasing of the soil depth. The maximum water-hold-ing capacity, effective water-holding capacity, capillary water capacity all decreased with the increasing of the soil depth and they all had the same trend with the porosity. The soil organic matter content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content in different slope positions trended to the upper slope 〈 the middle slope 〈 the lower slope. The average values of the upper slope were 5.59, 0.55,5.39 g/kg, respectively, those of the middle were 9.10, 0.67, 4.24 g/kg ,respective-ly, those of the lower were 10.03, 0.71, 6.18 g/kg ,respectively. And soil organic matter content, total phosphorus con-tent decreased with the increasing of soil depth, while the total potassium content was opposite. The soil organic matter con-tents in 0 to 5 cm soil layer were the highest and the values were 19.34, 29.29, 30.59 g/kg ,respectively. The total nitro-gen contents in each position were the same and the value was 0.07 g/kg. The available potassium content decreased at the beginning and then increased.