退耕还林对农户可持续生计能力的影响——基于宁夏盐池县农户的调查

Influences of Sloping Land Conversion Program(SLCP)on the Ability of Rural Households' Sustainable Livelihood——Based on the Survey of Yanchi County in Ningxia

以宁夏盐池县为例,用可持续生计框架理论,通过比较退耕还林前后农户可持续生计资本的变化,分析退耕因素的影响程度以及生计资本对农户收入水平的收入效应;探讨退耕还林对农户可持续生计能力影响的作用机理;提出改善农户可持续生计的建议.结果表明,在影响生计资本的众因素中,退耕对自然资本、物质资本和金融资本的影响比较明显,退耕对人力资本和社会资本影响不明显,生计资本的变化产生了收入效应.提出发挥地区特色农产品优势;加快小城镇建设,促进农户市民化;实行生态移民工程,将农户迁移至生存条件较好的地方,实现积聚效应;适当延长退耕还林补助期限等建议.

In the paper, taking Yanchi County of Loess Plateau in Ningxia as an example, the changes of sustainable livelihood capital after SLCP are studied by using the theory of Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis. The influence of the conversion factors on livelihood capital is analyzed, so is the effect of the livelihood capital on income. Based on this analysis, the mechanism of SLCP affecting rural households＇ sustainable livelihood capability is indentified. Among all the factors affecting the livelihood capitals, our results indicate that although the conversion factors are significant on natural capital, physical capital, and financial capital, they are not significant on human capital and social capital. Consequently, suggestions for improving peasants~ sustainable livelihoods are proposed to produce more goods that are special in this region, to construct big cities to attract peasants to migrate from rural areas to these cities, and to facilitate this migration by offering subsidies to them.