汉语文体学研究的现代西学背景——基于文体与语言之关系的考察

The Context of Modern Western Learning in the Study of Chinese Stylistics——An Investigation Based on the Relation Between Style and Language

现代语境下汉语文体学研究的发生、发展和演变,一方面秉承了自身的理论传统,同时与西方现代文化及文论的语言学转向有着密切的联系。不厘清汉语文体学研究的现代西学背景及理论资源,则难于把握文学及语言学理论的中外交汇和古今通变对汉语文体学之理论与实践的深刻制约及影响。汉语文体学研究的西学背景,就学术渊源而言,主要来自俄国形式主义、英美新批评以及从布拉格到法兰西的语言结构主义;就文体与语言之关系而论,则凝聚为三大理论命题:语言表达激活思想;文学是语言表达的完美形式;语言突出及其诗性功能。

In the modem context, the study of Chinese stylistics is in a state of flux. Besides the influence of theory tradition from itself, it is closely related to the western culture and the Linguistic turn. If we don＇t know the context of modern western learning and the resources of theory about the study of Chinese stylistics, we can＇t understand the deep contact between the change of Literary and Linguistic theory from a synchronic and a diachronic viewpoint and the theory and practice ,of Chinese stylistics.Considering the academic origins, it mainly comes from Russian Formalism, the Anglo American New Criticism and structural linguistics which famous from Prague to France. As for the relationship between style and language, it leads to three theory propositions： language performance vivifies the idea; literature is the perfect style of language performance; the poetic function is prominent.