先兆流产患者心理健康水平及社会支持的调查研究

Investigation on mental health status and social support among threatened abortion patients

目的了解先兆流产病人的心理健康水平及社会支持,为开展针对性的心理护理提供科学依据。方法选择先兆流产住院病人80例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表,对其进行心理健康水平及社会支持测量。结果先兆流产住院病人躯体化症状、焦虑、抑郁程度、强迫、恐怖症状均高于常模(P<0.05);人际关系分低于中国常模(P<0.05)。心理问题评分与社会支持呈负相关,客观支持(r=-0.26)、主观支持(r=-0.23)与人际评分显著相关(P<0.05);支持利用度和焦虑评分显著相关(r=-0.31、P<0.01);社会支持总分与焦虑评分、人际评分显著相关(r=-0.24、r=-0.27、P<0.05)。结论与健康人群相比,先兆流产住院病人普遍存在心理健康问题,其心理健康问题与社会支持水平显著相关。临床护理中我们可通过加强对孕妇心理问题的关注并给予积极的干预措施来促进病人社会支持的提高,调整不良的心理状态,从而促进康复。

Objective To investigate the mental health status and social support of women with threatened abortion and support evidence for psychiatric nursing. Methods A total of 80 inpatients with threatened abortion were chosen by convenience sampling. The Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） were used. Results Compared to normal people, women with threatened abortion had more problems in Global psychopathology, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsivity. The score of social support was negative related with SCL-90 score. Subjective social support and objective social support was negative related with interpersonal relation （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; social support availability was negative related with depression（ r = - 0.31 ,P 〈 0. 01 ） social support total score was negative related with depression and interpersonal relation（ r = - 0.24, r = - 0.27, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Compared to people in good condition, women with threatened abortion have more mental health problems. Social support has a significant effect on patient＇s mental health. Nurses should do the best to improve patients＂ social support and promote health.