肉种母鸡能量限饲对产蛋后期胚胎蛋黄及组织中脂类代谢相关指标的影响

Effects of Energy Restriction on Indexes Related Lipid Metabolism in Embryonic Yolk and Tissues during the Late Laying Period in Broiler Breeders

本试验旨在研究能量限饲对爱拔益加(AA)肉种母鸡产蛋后期胚胎蛋黄及组织中脂类代谢相关指标的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取20周龄AA肉种母鸡270羽,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15羽。当产蛋率达到5%时开始正式试验,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮的能量水平分别为对照组的80%和70%,参照中国鸡饲养标准(NY/T 33—2004),各组均限饲并且各阶段每日饲喂量相同。于产蛋后期第60周开始进行人工授精并按肉种母鸡分组收集种蛋(每组150枚)后孵化,分别于12、14、16、18、20、21胚龄采集蛋黄及组织样品。结果表明:1)产蛋后期70%和80%能量组16、18、20胚龄蛋黄粗脂肪和总能含量以及70%能量组各胚龄蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产蛋后期70%能量组20胚龄的胚胎重量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)产蛋后期各试验组14胚龄胸肌胆固醇含量以及16、18、20胚龄肝脏胆固醇含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);产蛋后期70%能量组16胚龄的胸肌和腿肌胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),80%能量组20胚龄腿肌胆固醇含量以及21胚龄胸肌和肝脏胆固醇含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。21胚龄80%能量组胸肌粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉种母鸡能量限饲能够直接影响产蛋后期子代胚胎12胚龄以后的蛋黄及组织脂类代谢水平,并产生了一定的母体效应。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of energy restriction on Indexes Related lipid metabolism in embryonic yolk and tissues during the late laying period in broiler breeders.A single factor design was adopted and 270 AA broiler breeders（20 weeks of age）were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate.The experiment was conducted when laying rate reached 5%.The birds in the control group were fed a based diet and those in trial groups were fed the diets with 80% and 70% energy levels of the basal diet,respectively.During the experimental period,feed intake in each group was restricted and set the same for each day.After artificial insemination at 60 weeks of age,150 hatching eggs in each group were collected and hatched.The samples of tissues and yolk were allocated on days 12 （12E）,14 （14E）,16 （16E）,18 （18E）,20 （20E） and 21 （21E） of embryonic development.The results showed as follows：1）Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased yolk ether extract and energy contents on 16E,18E and 20E in 70% and 80% energy groups,as well as yolk cholesterol content at each embryonic day in 70% energy group （P 〈0.05）.2）Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased the weight of embryo on 20E in 70 % energy group （P 〈 0.05）.3）Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased cholesterol content in both breast muscle on 14E and liver on 16E,18E and 20E in trial groups （P 〈0.05）.Meanwhile,notable decreases displayed in cholesterol content in breast and thigh muscle on 16E in 70% energy group while opposite results displayed in thigh muscle on 20E,and breast muscle and liver on 21E in 80% energy group （P 〈0.05）.Additionally,ether extract content in breast muscle on 21E in 80% energy group was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）.The results demonstrate that dietary energy restriction directly affects lipid metabolism in embryonic yolk and tissues during the late laying period.The maternal effect occurs and becomes manifest after the day 12 of embryonic development.