人类胚胎的道德地位

Moral Status of Human Embryos

人类胚胎的道德地位问题争论了几千年,并且随着社会文化的发展变得越来越深入而复杂,在对待胚胎的态度上出现了总括保护主义、个别保护主义和绝对主义三种不同的观点。在胚胎或胎儿是否是人的问题上也因文化和宗教的不同而有了不同的认识。科技的发展使解决这个问题的需要越来越迫切。这个问题不解决,干细胞工程及辅助生殖技术等科研及其成果的利用不仅面临极大的伦理阻力,而且会面临许多风险。为此,对胎儿是否是人,人的生命从什么时候开始,胚胎是不是人权的主体,怎样看待胚胎权利与其他主体之权利的冲突等问题进行阐述。

Argument about moral status of human embryos has lasted for thousands of years. It goes deeper and becomes complex with the development of social culture. There have been three opinions on embryos~ overall protectionism, individual protectionism and absolutism. There also are different perceptions on whether embryos or fetus are human beings because of different culture and religions. Besides, rapid science and technology growth makes it more and more urgent to solve this problem. Otherwise, the research and applications of stem cell technology assisted reproductive technology and other scientific research will not only face strong ethical problems, but also face many risks. Is fetus human being？ When did human life begin？ Is embryo the subject of human right？ How to deal with the conflict of rights between embryo and other subjects？ The paper will elaborate all these issues thoroughly.