用于大规模灾害事件应急多功能担架的设计和应用

Design and application of emergency multifunctional stretcher for large-scale disasters

【摘要】目的研制、试用、评价一种能在废墟、水上、淤泥、冰雪地等多种灾害环境中使用的便携多功能担架。方法设计要求①担架体部采用组装式设计，底部坚硬，可以3-4人在废墟、山坡、不平路面上拖行；②担架体部＋气囊，可以在水上、淤泥、冰雪地使用；③拆开折叠后可以一人背着行走。由研究者提出设计要求，与工程师商讨后，由工程师使用AutoCAD软件制作图纸，交给加工厂制作。在废墟、山坡、水上、淤泥、草丛中试用该担架，检验担架的使用效果。结果设计并成功制作了此担架，试用证明，它能在废墟、水上、淤泥、冰雪地等多种灾害环境中使用，具有便携的优点。结论笔者设计、制作的担架能在废墟、水上、淤泥、冰雪地等多种灾害环境中使用，具有便携的优点，可通过进一步完善使其商品化。

Objective To design a portable and multifunctional stretcher for various disaster environments, such as ruins, flood, sludge, ice and snow. Methods 1. Design requirements： （1） The compositional design -solid bottom which could be dragged on ruins, hillsides and rough road by 3 or 4 people. （2） Equipped with an airbag on it, the stretcher could be used on water, sludge, ice and snow. （3） Be foldable and portable which can be carried by single person. 2. The design was created by the researchers and discussed with the engineers who adopted AutoCAD software to make drawings before sending it for production. 3. The stretcher was tested for result in different circumstances, such as ruins, water, sludge, ice and snow. Results The stretcher was successfully designed and carried out its features of using in various disaster environments, such as ruins, water, sludge, ice and snow, as well as its portability. Conclusion It has become a valuable addition to the existing stretcher.