秦岭中段南坡华山松林能量结构特征和碳储量研究

Characteristics of energy structure and carbon storage of Pinus armandii forest on the southern slope of middle Qinling Mountains

【目的】研究秦岭中段南坡不同区域华山松林生物量、能量现存量、灰分储量和碳储量的空间分布特征,以期为华山松林的管理和抚育经营提供科学依据。【方法】采用标准木法和样方收获法测定华山松群落中乔木层、灌木层和草本层的生物量,分别用OR-2010型快速量热仪、马弗炉和Liqui TOCⅡ总有机碳元素分析仪,测定乔木层(干、皮、枝、叶、根)、灌木层(枝、叶、根)和草本层(地上和地下部分)的热值、灰分含量和含碳率。【结果】秦岭中段南坡华山松林总生物量、能量现存量、灰分储量和碳储量分别为81.39t/hm2、1 539.04GJ/hm2、3 765.86kg/hm2和33.70t/hm2。其中乔木层生物量、能量现存量、灰分储量和碳储量分别为79.45t/hm2、1 494.89GJ/hm2、1 950.41kg/hm2和32.95t/hm2,分别占林分总量的97.62%,97.13%,51.79%和97.78%;灌木层生物量、能量现存量、灰分储量和碳储量分别为1.34t/hm2、23.99GJ/hm2、987.81kg/hm2和0.54t/hm2,分别占林分总量的1.64%,1.56%,26.23%和1.60%;草本层生物量、能量现存量、灰分储量和碳储量分别为0.60t/hm2,20.16GJ/hm2,827.64kg/hm2和0.21t/hm2,仅占林分总量的0.74%,1.31%,21.98%和0.62%。从不同器官来看,华山松树干的生物量、碳储量和能量现存量显著高于其他器官(P<0.05),其生物量、碳储量和能量现存量分别为40.36t/hm2,16.10t/hm2和712.09GJ/hm2,分别占各器官总量的50.80%,48.87%和47.63%;树枝的灰分储量显著高于皮和叶(P<0.05)。华山松树枝的干质量热值、去灰分热值和含碳率显著高于其他器官(P<0.05),树皮的灰分含量显著高于其他器官(P<0.05)。【结论】乔木层在华山松天然林生物量、能量和灰分储备中占主要地位,树干是华山松林生物量、能量储量和碳储量的重要组成部分。

【Objective】In this study,the spatial distribution of biomass,energy in standing crops,ash storage and carbon storage in organs of Pinus armandii community on the southern slope of middle Qinling Mountains was investigated to improve the management and tending operation of P.armandii.【Method】Biomasses of tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer were measured by standard-timber method and sample tree plot harvesting method.Caloric value,ash content and carbon content of tree layer （stem,bark,branch,leaf,and root）,shrub layer （branch,leaf,and root） and herb layer （aboveground and underground） were measured by OR-2010 calorimeter,muffle furnace and Liqui TOCⅡ,respectively.【Result】Total biomass and energy in standing crops,ash storage and carbon storage were 81.39 t/hm2,1 539.04 GJ/hm2,3 765.86 kg/hm2 and 33.70 t/hm2,respectively.Those of tree layer were 79.45 t/hm2, 1 494.89 GJ/hm2,1 950.41 kg/hm2 and 32.95 t/hm2,accounting for 97.62%,97.13%,51.79% and 97.78% to the total values,respectively.Those of shrub layer were 1.34 t/hm2,23.99 GJ/hm2,987.81 kg/hm2 and 0.54 t/hm2,accounting for 1.64%,1.56%,26.23% and 1.60%,respectively.Those of herb layer were 0.60 t/hm2,20.16 GJ/hm2,827.64 kg/hm2 and 0.21 t/hm2,accounting for 0.74%,1.31%,21.98% and 0.62%,respectively.Biomass,energy in standing crops,and carbon storage of stem wood were 40.36 t/hm2,16.10 t/hm2 and 712.09 GJ/hm2,contributing to 50.80%,48.87% and 47.63% to the total values,significantly higher than those of other parts （P〈0.05）.Ash storage of branch was significantly higher than that of bark and leaves （P〈0.05）.Gross caloric value,ash free caloric value and carbon content of branch were significantly higher than those of other parts （P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】Tree layer of P.armandii natural forest plays a significant role in storage of biomass,energy and ash content.Biomass,energy in standing crops and carbon storage of P.armandii stem are the most.