北京城市人口空间分布变动研究

Changes of the Spatial Distribution of Population in Beijing

城市人口空间分布属于城市空间结构中一个至关重要的要素,因此,城市人口空间的分布状态是否合理是城市化健康发展的重要标志之一。多年来,北京市在注重人口规模调控的同时,也非常重视人口空间分布的优化。文章应用北京市第三、四、五和第六次人口普查数据结果,通过借助ArcGIS空间统计分析工具和技术对数据转换与处理,模拟结果显示,从1982年至2010年间,北京城市核心区人口分布趋于疏散和合理,城市功能拓展区变化趋于集中和不均衡。这样的趋势必将引起城市功能拓展区交通拥堵,教育、医疗资源紧张,环境质量下降等问题,如果不采取有效的措施,将影响北京的和谐发展与世界城市建设。优化北京人口空间分布需要综合措施。

Population spatial distribution is an essential factor of the urban spatial structure and whether the distribution is optimal is one important feature of the healthy development of urbanization. For many years, Beijing has not only focused on controlling population size, but also paid attention to optimizing the population spatial distribution. Based on the ArcGIS spatial analysis tools and the 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th census data, simulation results showed that from 1982 to 2010, the population in Bei- jing central area tended to be dispersed and reasonably distributed, while the urban function develop- ment zone tended to be more concentrated and unbalancedly placed. The later tendency will result in serious traffic congestion, strain the education and health care resources and decrease the environment quality. If efficient measures were not taken, the harmonious development and world city building process of Beijing would be hampered. Optimizing the population spatial distribution of Beijing requires comprehensive measures.