美国中等职业教育外部质量评价机制及启示——以亚利桑那州为例

The External Quality Evaluation Mechanism and Enlightenments of the U.S. Secondary Vocational Education

美国中等职业教育外部质量评价经历了投入导向、结果导向和标准导向三个阶段。在评价过程中,联邦、州、地方学区、职业学校、协会组织等作为利益相关者共同参与评价,形成了多元参与、相互协调的外部评价机制。这一机制对于改变我国职业教育评价的价值观念,建立公正、客观和多元参与的外部评价机制,采用弹性化的评价标准,提高中等职业教育的学术性等具有重要启示。

The development of external quality evaluation of American secondary vocational education has experienced three stages：the investment-oriented stage, the result-oriented stage and standard-oriented stage. In the process of performance evaluation, the federal, state, and local school districts, vocational schools, associations as stakeholders have participated in the evaluation, and formed a multi-actors participation and mutual coordinat- ed external evaluation mechanism. This mechanism has important enlightenments to change China＇s vocational e- ducation evaluation values, to establish a fair, objective and multiple participation external evaluation mechanism, to use flexible evaluation standards and to improve the academic nature of secondary vocational education.