福建汉族闽东语族群的体质特征

Physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Mindong dialect in Fujian

目的探讨福建汉族闽东语族群的体质特征。方法按照Martin、《人体测量方法》和《人体测量手册》规定的方法,调查福建汉族闽东语族群692例(城市男性151例,乡村男性188例,城市女性159例,乡村女性194例)成人的86项体质指标,对26项体质指数进行计算,统计指数分型情况,并与我国族群资料进行比较。结果闽东语族群城乡男女均表现为上眼睑皱褶率高,有蒙古褶率低,眼裂高度多为窄型,眼外角高型者居多,鼻背多为直型,鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻基部上翘型略高于水平型,鼻孔最大径多为斜位,鼻翼宽度多大于眼内角间宽,颧骨多不突出,上唇皮肤高度多为中等型,红唇薄型最多,发色几乎均为黑色,皮肤黄色率最高,眼色褐色较多。闽东语族群城市男性、乡村男性、城市女性身高属于超中等型身材,乡村女性为中等身材。从头面部、体部指数均数看,闽东语族群城、乡男性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、狭面型、狭鼻型、中腿型、中胸型、窄骨盆型、长躯干型、宽肩型,城、乡女性均为中头型、高头型、狭头型、超狭面型、狭鼻型、中腿型、中胸型、窄骨盆型、中躯干型;城市女性为中肩型,乡村女性为宽肩型。闽东语族群头面部指标值、指数值受中国南方族群与北方族群的共同影响,体部指标值、指数值更接近于中国北方族群。结论闽东语族群男、女性体质特征更接近于中国北方族群。

Objective To analyze the physical characteristics of Han with Mindong Dialect. Methods Investigation in strict accordance with the methods of Martin, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropomorphic Handbook, eighty-six physical characteristics on 692 adults （151 urban males, 188 rural males, 159 urban females and 194 rural females） of Han with Mindong dialect were investigated in Fujian province. Twenty-six physical indices were calculated and the distributions of indices were done. Comparison with the data of ethnic groups in China, and preliminarily. Results The percentage of eyefold of the upper eyelid was high. The percentage of mongoloid fold was low. Opening height of eyeslits was narrow. External angles were higher than internal angles in direction of eyeslits. The nasal profile was straight. The height of alae nasi was middle-type. The nasal base was upturned. The maximal diameter of nostrils was oblique. The breadth of alae nasi was wide type. The zygomatie projection was tiny. The upper lip skin height was middle type. Thicknesses of lips were mainly thin. Hair color was black and skin color was yellowish. The eye color was brown. Urban males, rural males and urban females were all super middle-sized stature, while rural females were middle-sized stature. According to the mean of head-face and body indices, males were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type, leptoprosopy, leptorrhiny, mesatiskelic type, medium chest circumference, narrow distance between lilac crests, long trunk and broad shoulder breadth. In addition, females were mesocephaly, hypsicephalie type, aerocephalic type, hyperleptoprosopy, leptorrhiny, mesatiskelic type, medium chest circumference, narrow distance between iliac crests and middle trunk. And urban females were medium shoulder breadth, while rural females were broad shoulder breadth. Characteristics of head and face of Han with Mindong dialect were affected by North Asian ethnic groups and South Asian ethnic groups, while body indices were close to North Asian ethnic groups. Conclusion The physical characteristics of Mindong Han are relatively close to the North Asian type ethnic groups.