屯堡人的体质特征

Physical characteristics of Tunbu

目的探讨屯堡人的体质特征。方法应用Martin、《人体测量方法》和《人体测量手册》规定的方法,调查了贵州省安顺市507例(男251例,女256例)屯堡成人的87项体质指标,对23项体质指数进行计算,统计指数分型情况,并与我国一些族群资料进行比较。结果屯堡人多数具有上眼睑皱褶,近1/5的人具有蒙古褶,眼外角高型者居多,鼻根高度多为中等型,鼻背多为直型,鼻基部多为水平型,鼻翼高度多为中等型,鼻孔最大径斜位率与横位率接近,耳垂圆形率最高,上唇皮肤高度多为中等型,红唇厚度多为中等型;发色多为黑色,皮肤黄色率最高、眼褐色较多。屯堡人男、女性身高均属于亚中等型身材。屯堡人男女均以中头型、高头型、狭头型、中鼻型、长躯干型、宽骨盆型率最高,男性阔面型、中腿型、中胸型、中肩型、矮型率最高,女性则宽胸型率最高;阔面型与中面型、亚短腿型与中腿型、窄肩型与中肩型、矮型与亚中等型率接近。结论屯堡人体质特征与其他地区汉族、中国北亚类型族群较为接近。

Objective To investigate the physical characteristics of Tunbu. Methods Eighty-seven physical characteristics of 507 Tunbu adults （251 male, 256 female） from Anshun, Guizhou province were investigated. Twenty- three body mass indexes were calculated, statistics on index typing was performed, and the physical characteristics of Tunbu were analyzed preliminarily with the comparison to our ethnic data. The investigation was carried out in accordance with the methods from Martin, Anthropometric Methods and Anthropometric Manual. Results Most of Tunbu had eyelid folds, and 1/5 adults had Mongolian folds. Most of their paropia were high; most of their nasion heights were medium with straight bridges; most of their nasal bases were level; most of their alae nasi height were middle; the rates of oblique and transverse ala nasi of the maximum nostrils diameter were relatively closed each other; the rate of round earlobe was the highest; the height of upper lip skin was mostly moderate ; most of lips were moderate; most of their hair was black; skin was mostly yellowish; eyes were mostly brown. Heights of Tunbu men and women were sub-medium. Male and female of Tunbu were mostly mesocephaly, hypsicephalic type, aerocephalic type, mesorrhiny, long trunk, and broad distance between iliac crests. Males were mostly euryprosopy, mesatiskelic type, medium chest circumference, medium shoulder breadth and short type; Females were mostly broad chest circumference. The rate of euryprosopy and mesoprosopy, subbrachyskelic type and mesatiskelic type, narrow shoulder breadth and medium shoulder breadth, short and sub-middle were relatively similar. Conclusion The physical characteristics of Tunbu are close to Han in other areas and North Asian ethnic groups.