土家族儿童少年头面部的体质特征

Physical characteristics in head-face of Tujia ethnicity children and adolescents

目的探讨土家族儿童少年头面部体质特征及其规律。方法采用人体测量学的方法,对武陵山区1 865例土家族儿童少年(男性953例,女性912例)11项头面部指标进行测量,并计算13项头面部指数。结果土家族儿童少年头面部各指标均值随年龄的增长而增加,各年龄组的性别间差异有统计学意义。男性头部较女性相对宽而短,面部窄而长。土家族儿童少年头型以圆头、正头、阔头型多见,面型以阔面、阔上面型为主。结论土家族儿童少年头面部发育符合一般生长发育规律,并有性别差异。土家族儿童少年头面部特征与广西侗族、苗族学生不同。

Objective To explore the physical characteristics and patterns in head-face of Tujia ethnicity children and adolescents. Methods According to the anthropometric method, eleven head-face characteristics of 1865 Tujia children and adolescents （953 males and 912 females）in Wuling Mountain area were investigated, and thirteen physical indices were calculated by formula. Results The mean values of measurements gradually increased with age, and there were significant differences between males and females in each age group. Male heads were wider and shorter than female heads, and their faces were narrower and longer than female faces. Head shapes of Tujia children and adolescents were characterized by brachycephaly, orthocephalic and tapeinocephalic, and their facial types were mainly featured by euryprosopy and euryen. Conclusion The physical development in head-face of Tujia children and adolescents is in conformity with the general growth pattern. Difference of head-face characters between male and female, and difference of head-face characters between Tujia and Dong of Guangxi and Miao of Guangxi students are significant.