清华简《楚居》所见楚人早期居邑考

Early Capitals of Chu Recorded in Bamboo Slips Chu Ju

清华简《楚居》记述楚人起源及其都邑迁徙,多为文献所未见,学者所考异说纷纭。今从简文■山、乔山、京宗等地名所涉地域看,季连部落当起源于中原洛阳一带。其后北迁殷商腹地方山,盘桓楚丘一带,与殷王室保持着密近关系。殷商末年,为避祸殃,楚人的一支在穴熊带领下,沿黄河西进,复归故地京宗,暂作开拓江汉的据点。待周初熊绎之时,楚人南迁丹水之阳,立国江汉,终成真正代表芈姓楚族的南方大国。

The bamboo slips ChuJu in the Tsinghua University collection include an account of the origins and capitals of the Chu people, which could not be found in other literature. Researchers＇ opinions vary about the text. According to place names such as Weishan, Oiaoshan and Jingzong, Ji Lian and his tribe probably originated near Luoyang and later moved north to areas around Fangshan and Chuqiu in the Central Plains. There they had close contact with the Yin kings. In the late Shang dynasty, to escape from the Shang rule, Xue Xiong led the Chu tribe to move westward along the Yellow River and returned to Jingzong. By the early Zhou dynasty, the Chu people led by Xiong Yi migrated to the north of the Dan river and built a state in the Jianghan region, which was to become a great power in south China representing the Chu clan surnamed Mi.