内蒙古二连浩特市鸟类区系特征及群落结构

Avifauna and Community Structure in Erenhot,Inner Mongolia

2010年5月至2011年4月,采用样带法和固定半径样点法,对内蒙古自治区二连浩特市5种生境的鸟类区系特征、群落结构及其季节动态进行了调查研究。共记录到鸟类124种,隶属于15目34科。其中,留鸟19种,夏候鸟72种,旅鸟29种,冬候鸟4种。繁殖鸟中古北界种类有82种,东洋界种类仅9种;在地理型上主要特征为中亚型的种类多,共有13种。从群落的空间格局来看,5种生境的区别也很大,林地鸟类多样性指数最高,居民区最低;从时间格局来看,不同季节的差异显著,春季鸟类多样性指数最高,冬季最低。

The community structure and seasonal dynamic of birds at 5 habitat in Erenhot of Inner Mongolia were investigated from May in 2010 to April in 2011. A total of 124 bird species were recorded along the belt transect and at fixed-radius point. The bird species belong to 15 orders, 34 families, of them 19 birds are residents, 72 summer visitors, 29 passing migrants and 4 winter visitors. Among the birds bred here, 82 species belong to Palaearctic realm, 9 species of Oriental realm. Totally 13 species are characteristically as the Central Asian type, that indicated the main characteristics of the avifauna geographic type in the study area. The bird community was greatly different between the 5 habitats, the highest and lowest diversity index of bird occurred in woodland and in residential area, respectively. The bird species component was difference between seasons, the species numbers of bird in spring was highest in spring and lowest in winter.