白眼潜鸭秋季行为时间分配及活动节律

Time Budget and Behavioral Diurnal Rhythms of the Ferruginous Ducks in Autumn

2012年7～11月，采用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法，在乌鲁木齐近郊水域白湖，对白眼潜鸭（Aythya nyroca）秋季行为进行实地观察研究。制定出白眼潜鸭行为谱，各种行为有取食、保养、运动、休息、警戒、其他，共6类14种。昼间各行为时间分配依次为取食（56．7％）、运动（13．8％）、保养（11．8％）、休息（11．2％）、警戒（5．1％）、其他（1．4％）。其中取食、休息、运动行为有明显的节律性变化。休息行为以家庭为单位聚集在一起进行，取食行为则分开进行。7～9月份7：00—8：00时、18：00～19：00时休息行为出现峰值，10～11月份8：00～9：00时、17：00～18：00时出现峰值；7～9月份取食行为在8：00～9：00时、17：00～18：00时有明显的峰值，10—11月份在10：00～11：00时和15：00～16：00时出现峰值；7～11月份运动行为均在中午达到峰值。自眼潜鸭7～9月份与10～11月份觅食行为、休息行为和保养行为差异极显著（P〈0．01），运动行为无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。迁徙前（10月中旬），白眼潜鸭有集群现象，数量最多达到37只，10月下旬种群集体迁徙。秋季白眼潜鸭主要时间用于取食，意图为了迁徙或越冬积累能量，集群迁徙有利于种群防御天敌。

We conducted a study on time budget behavioral daily rhythm of Ferruginous Ducks （Aythya nyroca） at the Baihu Lake in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July to November 2012 and recorded their behaviors and time budget. Six types of behaviors were identified as forage, maintain, locomotion, resting, alert and other including all the behaviors not mentioned above. Ferruginous Ducks spent their 56.7% active time in foraging, 13.8% in locomotion, 11.8% in maintenance, 11.2% in resting, 5.1% in alert and 1.4% in other behavior. The ducks invested their active time on forage, rest and maintain was extremely different （P 〈0.01 ） between the periods of July to September and October to November, But they did not change their time duration in locomotion behavior between the same periods （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The active pecks of foraging, resting and maintaining varied with time period, while locomotion behavior peaked at 12：00 - 13：00 during the study period. The ducks scatter foraged on the water surface, but they usually rested together. A large group （about 37 individuals） was observed in the middle of October before they left in late October for migration.