2010—2012年宝鸡市渭滨区电焊作业人员职业健康监护结果

Results of occupational health surveillance among welding workers in Weibin District of Baoji City from 2010-2012

目的了解宝鸡市渭滨区各企业电焊作业人员的健康状况,掌握电焊作业人员的疾病种类、分布及主要特点,为职业防护和健康保健策略的制定提供科学依据。方法按照《GBZ 188-2007职业健康技术规范》中粉尘和锰规定的方法检查及按照国家重点职业病监测技术方案的调查方法进行调查。结果健康检查电焊(锰)作业人员3 325人,共查出各类体检项目结果异常人数2 369人,异常率为71.25%;2010、2011和2012年3年异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.776,P<0.01);检出锰中毒观察对象2名,检出率为0.06%;检出手颤阳性20人,检出率为0.6%。锰中毒观察对象和手颤阳性主要分布在工龄20 a以上的人群中,且手颤阳性不同工龄分组连续校正χ2=16.022,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义。检出尘肺病观察对象26名,检出率为0.78%。从工龄分组看,尘肺病观察对象主要分布在工龄20年以上的人群中,且不同工龄分组连续较正χ2=36.253,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义。结论电焊(锰)作业人员的整体健康状况不容乐观,应引起重视。在关注电焊尘对电焊作业人员的职业病危害时,也应重视锰对电焊作业人员的职业病危害,切实做好电焊(锰)作业人员生产环境的改善和保护工作,从而保障广大电焊(锰)作业人员的身体健康。

[ Objective] To understand the health status of welding workers in Weibin District of Baoji City, learn the disease type, distribution and main features in welding workers, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational protection and health care strategies. [ Methods ] The hazards of dust and manganese were evaluated according to the Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance （ GBZ 188-2007 }, and the investigation was performed with the methods of the national monitoring program for main occupational diseases. [ Results]3325 welding （manganese exposure） workers received the health examination, and the abnormal results were found in 2 369 workers, with the abnormal rate of 71.25 %. During 2010-2012, the difference in the annual abnormal rate was statistically significant （ X2 = 39. 776, P 〈 0.01 ）. The manganese poisoning was observed in 2 workers with the detection rate of 0.06%, while the hand tremor was found in 20 workers with the detection rate of 0.6%. The manganese poisoning and hand tremor mainly occurred in workers with the length of service over 20 years, and there was statistical significance in the detection of hand tremor among different working age groups （continuity correction^2 = 16.022, P 〈 0.01）. The pneumoco- niosis was detected in 26 workers with the detection rate of 0.78%. Most of workers with pneumoconiosis have worked over 20 years, and there was statistical significance among different working age groups （ continuity correction ~2 = 36. 253, P 〈 0.01 }. [ Conclusion] The overall health status of welding （manganese exposure） workers is not optimistic, which the attention should be focused on. It is necessary to pay attention to the occupational hazards caused by both dust and manganese, and implement the im- provement and protection of production environment of welding （ manganese exposure ） workers, to guarantee their health.