2008—2012年某机车制造企业电焊作业工人健康状况

Health status of electric welding workers in a locomotive manufacturing enterprise from 2008-2012

目的了解某机车制造企业电焊作业工人健康状况,为加强职业卫生监督管理和制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法检测焊接作业环境职业病危害因素,对2008—2012年职业健康检查监护资料进行统计分析。结果①2008—2012年共检测样品300份,电焊烟尘超标率为22.67%,锰及其化合物超标率为16.67%。但超标率呈现逐年下降趋势。②随着工龄的延长,电焊工人肺部影像学异常改变发生率有升高趋势。③随着工龄的延长,电焊工人心电图、血压和肺功能等指标异常率有升高趋势。结论电焊作业环境的职业病危害状况较为严重,应在加强健康教育的同时采取切实有效的综合防治措施,减少职业病危害因素对工人的健康影响。

[ Objective ] To understand the health status of electric welding workers in a locomotive manufacturing enterprise, provide scientific basis for strengthening the occupational health supervision and management, and making the prevention strategies. [ Methods ] The occupational hazard factors in welding environment were detected, and the data of occupational health examination from 2008-2012 were statistically analyzed. [ Results] （1）A total of 300 samples were detected from 2008-2012, the over standard rate of welding fume, manganese and its compounds was 22.67% and 16.67% respectively. The over standard rates have de- creased year by year. （2）The imaging examination indicated that the incidence rate of abnormal changes in lung has gradually in- creased with increasing length of service. （3）With increasing length of service, the abnormal rates of electrocardiogram, blood pres- sure and lung function showed the rising trend. [ Conclusion ] The occupational hazards in welding environment are serious. It is necessary to strengthen health education, and take the effective and comprehensive control measures, to reduce the health damage induced by occupational hazards in workers.