临床输血反应调查及其影响因素

Investigation on clinical transfusion reaction and its influencing factors

目的通过对各类成分血液输血反应发生率及其影响因素的调查和分析,以提高临床医护人员对输血反应的认识,增加针对性的预防措施。方法对阜阳市第五人民医院2011年1月—2013年1月各科室的输血反应情况进行回顾性统计分析。结果在4 303人次输血中,共发生输血反应20次,总输血反应率为0.46%。输血反应表现类型主要为溶血性发热反应最多见,占70.00%;其次是过敏反应,占30.00%。不同性别、年龄段、血液制品、输血史、过敏史的输血反应率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女性、输入全血、有输血史及过敏史是输血反应的危险因素。结论女性患者,有过输血史和过敏史的患者输血时需要医护人员加强观察,尽量少输入全血,根据患者需要采取成分输血,以减少输血反应的发生。

[ Objective]To investigate and analyze the incidence rate of adverse reactions following different types of component blood transfusion and its influencing factors, improve the recognition to transfusion reaction of clinical medical personnel, and strengthen the corresponding preventive measures. [ Methods] The transfusion reactions in the Fifth Peopleg Hospital of Fuyang City from January 2011 to January 2013 were analyzed by retrospective statistical method. [ Results] There were 20 cases of adverse reac- tion among 4303 transfusion cases, and the total incidence rate of transfusion reaction was 0.46%. The most common type of trans- fusion reaction was hemolytic fever, accounting for 70.00%, followed by allergic reactions （ 30.00% ）. There were significant differences in the incidence rate of transfusion reaction among groups of different gender, age, blood products, history of blood transfusion, and allergy history （ all P 〈 0.05 }. The risk factors of transfusion reaction included women, transfusion of whole blood, history of blood transfusion, and allergy history. [ Conclusion] The medical staff must strengthen the observation for the fe- male patients and patients with history of blood transfusion or the allergic history, choose the transfusion of whole blood as little as possible, and take component blood transfusion according to the patientg needs, in order to reduce the incidence rate of transfusion reaction.