论《论语》中的他知问题

On the Problem of Other-knowledge in The Analects

《论语》开篇就揭示了他知问题,在孔子的言行中也大量存在着他知障碍。但儒家总是把他知问题转化为自知问题,导致他知问题被取消。从中西比较的角度看,对儒家的这一偏颇进行反思是有必要的。从根本上讲,他知认定的问题、他知障碍的产生,绝非仅靠自我单方面努力就能解决,它涉及到他人的问题,更涉及到整个社会认知机制、评价机制的合法性与合理性问题。从现时代的要求讲,儒家哲学有必要正视他知问题,承认他者维度的合理性,阐扬他知的积极意义。

The Analects begins to reveal the problem of other-knowledge. In the words and deeds of Confucius,there are also a large number of obstacles of other-knowledge. But Confucianism always transforms the problem of other-knowledge into that of self-knowledge,and results in the abolishment of the problem of other-knowledge. From the point of Western-Chinese comparison,it is necessary to make reflection on this deviation. Fundamentally,the problems of other-knowledge cannot be solved by individual efforts; it relates to other people's problems,and involves the whole mechanism of social cognition and evaluation. To the requirements of the present era,it is necessary for Confucian philosophy to attach importance to the problem of other-knowledge,admit the reasonableness of other-dimensions, and develop positive significance of other-knowledge.