中国的全球价值链地位考察——基于附加值贸易视角

China's Position in Global Value Chain: A Trade in Value-Added Prospective

本文以WTO-OECD新推出的附加值贸易统计数据为基础,对中国在全球生产网络中的价值链地位进行分析。结果表明,中国在全球生产网络中处于"加工贸易"环节,与主要原材料和中间产品出口国之间存在附加值逆差,与欧美等最终产品进口国之间存在附加值顺差。与欧美发达国家相比,中国的附加值出口贸易具有较高的国外附加值、较低的国内附加值、服务附加值偏低等特点。国内自给能力较强的制造业和开放程度较低的服务业具有较高的国内附加值,而国外附加值较高的行业则集中在中间进口品占比较高的高技术密集型产业。

Based on new statistical data of trade in value-added, the paper analyzes China＇s value chain position in the global production network. The results show that China is heavily supported by ＂processing trade＂, with value-added deficits to major raw materials and intermediate products exporters and value-added surpluses to final production importers such as Europe and the United States. Compared with developed countries such as Europe and the United States, China＇ s export in value-added is characterized by the following attributes： higher share in foreign value-added, lower share in domestic value-added and inadequate value-added in the service industry etc. Do＇mestic manufacturing industries with stronger self-supply abilities and service industries with relatively low openness degree enjoy higher share in domestic value-added; for other countries, however, industries with higher share in foreign value-added are concentrated on high-tech intensive industries with a high percentage of intermediate products import.