国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构的影响——基于中国工业行业数据的实证检验

Impact of International Vertical Specialization on Labor Employment Structure: An Empirical Test Based on China's Industrial Data

国际垂直专业化对参与国的劳动力就业结构产生了重要影响。本文考察了国际垂直专业化总体、不同伙伴国、不同技术密集度的行业对中国劳动力就业结构的影响,研究结果表明,国际垂直专业化增加了高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著;承接OECD国家的生产环节转移促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接非OECD国家的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业;不同技术密集度的工业部门参与国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构存在"部门偏倚"效应,承接高技术密集型行业的生产环节转移显著促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接低技术密集型行业的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著。

International vertical specialization has an important effect on the labor employment structure of the offshoring and inshoring countries. This paper analyzes the effect of international vertical specialization considered as a whole and as different partner countries and sectors on the employment structure. The results show that there is an improvement trend in the relative employment of the high skilled labor considering the manufacturing industry as a whole. International vertical specialization from OECD countries has a significant effect on increasing the high skill labor employment. International vertical specialization from non-OECD countries, however, has a significant effect on deteriorating the high skill labor employment. ＂Sector bias＂ is an important feature of the effects of international vertical specialization on labor markets, as the high skill labor employment improves significantly when international vertical specialization takes place in high skill intensive industries and deteriorates insignificantly when the low skill intensive industries relocate the production fragments.