中国国家铁路热力机车50年

The 50 years of thermal locomotives in China National Railways

简要回顾了新中国成立 5 0年来国家铁路热力机车蒸汽机车和内燃机车的发展历程和取得的巨大成就 ;叙述了 5 0年来蒸汽机车工业从修理、仿制、改造到自主开发 ,生产从小批量到大批量 ,牵引动力从开始制造到鼎盛时期 ,到逐渐淘汰 ,到行将完成历史使命的过程 ;介绍了生产开发的蒸汽机车型号及主要特性参数 ;介绍了 40年来内燃机车数量从无到有 ,批量从小到大 ,技术水平从低到高 ,从进口到出口 ,在机车总保有量中的比例从零到 6 5 9% ,在完成铁路运输任务中的比例从零到 6 8 0 %的过程和生产、开发三代内燃机车的型号及主要技术参数 ;同时 ,介绍了第四代内燃机车开始开发的情况以及内燃动车组的发展运用情况 ;最后 ,还列出了主要蒸汽机车和三代内燃机车技术参数概要表。

The development history and enormous achievements of thermal locomotives in National Railways, steam and diesel locomotives, for 50 years after foundation of new China were briefly reviewed. The processes of steam locomotive industry within 50 years from repair, copy and renewal to in house development, from small serial to mass production, from starting manufacture to reaching peak, to being eliminated gradually, to finishing its historic mission soon in traction power, and models and main feature parameters of steam locomotives developed and manufactured were presented. The processes of diesel locomotives in recent 40 years from “there are not” to “there are”, from small to big serial, from low to high technical level, from import to export, from 0 to 65 9% in proportion to the overall locomotive number and from 0 to 68 0% in proportion to all railway transportation, and models and main technical parameters of three gererations of diesel locomotives developed and manufactured were stated. Meanwhile, the situations of beginning development of the fourth generation of diesel locomotives and development and applications of diesel multiple units were described. Finally, the summary tables of technical parameters of main steam locomotives and three generations of diesel locomotives were also given.