化学成分以及辐照条件对压力容器钢中子辐照损伤的影响

Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels:Influence of Chemical Composition and Neutron Irradiation Conditions on Irradiation Damage

在核电站反应堆中,压力容器作为压水堆的第二道安全屏障,在压水堆安全运行和防止核泄漏方面发挥着极为重要的作用。反应堆内的中子辐照会引起压力容器钢微观结构的变化,进而降低其力学性能,影响核反应堆的安全。总结了中子辐照下压力容器钢及其模型合金中形成的缺陷,并进一步综述了化学成分和中子辐照条件,包括铜、镍、磷、锰、硅和铬等元素,中子注量以及中子注量率等参数对压力容器钢中子辐照损伤的影响。

The reactor pressure vessel （RPV）, as the second security barrier of a pressurized water reactor （PWR）, is a particular important component for ensuring the safe operation and preventing nuclear leakage of nuclear power plant. In a PWR, neutron bombardment causes a microstructural evolution of reactor pressure vessel steels（RPVs）, and results in their hardening and embrittlement, thereby affects the safety of nuclear reactors. Based on lots of literatures, the radiation induced defects in RPVs and their model alloys under neutron irradiation are summa rized. Moreover, the effects of irradiation damage of RPVs under neutron irradiation by chemical composition such as copper, nickel, phosphorus, manganese, silicon, chromium,and neutron irradiation conditions including neutron fIue- nee and neutron flux are also been summarized.