1Kuiken T. Review of Newcastle Disease in Cormorants [J]. Waterbirds, 1999,22 (3) : 333 - 347. 2.
2Blaxland J D. Newcastle disease in shags and cormorants and its significance as a factor in the spread of this disease among domestic poultry[J]. Veterinary Record,1951,63:731-733. 3.
3Wobeser G, Leighton F A, Norman R, et al. Newcastle dis- ease in wild water birds in western Canada, 1990[J]. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 1993,34 : 353-359. 4.
4Banerjee M,Reed W M,Fitzgerald S D,et al. Neurotropic velogenic Newcasde disease in cormorants in Michigan:patholo- gy and virus characterization[J]. Avian Diseases, 1994, 38(4): 873-878. 5.
5Meteyer C U,Docherty D E, Glaser L C,et al. Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epomitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcas- de disease in double-crested cormorants from the Upper Mid- western United States[J ]. Avian Diseases, 1997,41 ( 1 ) : 171-180. 6.
6Glaser L C,Barker I K,Weseloh D V,et al. The 1992 epizo- otic of Newcasde disease indouble-crested cormorants in North America[J].Joumal of Wildlife Diseases, 1999,35(2) :319-330. 7.
7Heckert R A. Ontario Newcastle disease in cormorants[J]. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 1993,34(3) : 184. 8.
8Kuiken T,Leighton F A,Wobeser G,et al. An epidemic of Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from Saskatche-wan[J].Joumal of Wildlife Diseases,1998,34:457-471. 9.
9Kuiken T,Frandsen D,Clavijo A,et al. Newcastle disease in cormorants[J]. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 1998,39:299. 10.
10Friend M. Avian disease at the Salton Sea[J]. Hydrobiolo- gia, 2002,473 : 293-306. 11.
