少数民族地区卫校不同民族学生心理健康的比较研究

A comparative study of mental health among Medical school students of different ethnic groups in differentethnic minority areas

目的比较少数民族地区汉族、彝族、哈尼族、傣族、拉祜族、佤族卫校学生心理健康状况，为开展少数民族地区不同民族学生的心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表（symptomchecklist90，SCL-90）对云南省普洱卫生学校一、二年级2894名汉族、彝族、哈尼族、傣族、拉祜族、佤族学生进行心理健康测评，并对其心理健康特点比较分析。结果①少数民族卫校学生心理问题检出率为40．3％，心理问题检出率从高到低依次是佤族48人（55．8％）、傣族75人（41．4％），彝族258人（41．0％），哈尼族182人（40．2％），汉族557人（39．1％），拉祜族46人（38．3％）；各因子得分从高到低依次是强迫（38．6％）、人际关系敏感（33．2％）、恐怖（27．5％）、敌对性（25．3％）、抑郁（23．6％）、焦虑（22．4％）、偏执（21．9％）、精神病性（17．4％）、躯体化（13．7％）；②除敌对外，各民族心理问题检出率差异有显著性（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。③少数民族卫校学生SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内青年常模，多数因子差异有显著性（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。④佤族心理健康水平最差，彝族、拉祜族心理健康水平好于其他各族。结论少数民族地区卫校学生心理健康状况不容乐观，应加强心理健康教育。

Objective To compare the mental health among students of the Han,Yi, Hani,Dai,Lahu and Wa nationalities in Pu ＇er Health school and provide the basis for mental health education of minorities. Methods A total of 2894 students of grade one and two, which are the Han, Yi, Hani, Dai, Lahu and Wa national- ities of Puer health school in Yunnan Provinc, were tested with SCL-90.And then an analysis was carried out by the characteristics among different nationalities on mental health.Results （~）The psychological problem＇s ratio of mi- norities in Health school students was 40.3%.Detection rate of psychological problems in descending order is Wa 48 （55.8%） ,Dai 75 （41.4%） ,Yi 258 （41.0%） ,Haul,182 （40.2%） ,Hart 557 （39.1%） and Lahu 46 （38. 3% ） .The factor scores in descending order were obsessive-compulsive （ 38.6% ）, interpersonal sensitivity （ 33. 2% ）, phobic anxiety （27.5%）, hostility （ 25.3% ）, depression （ 23.6% ）, anxiety （ 22.4% ）, paranoid ideation （ 21. 9% ）,psychotism （17.4%） and somatization （13.7%）.~）The ratio of psychological problems among different na- tionalities had shown significant differences （P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ） except for hostility factor.（~）In SCL-90, the scores of minority medical school students were all higher than those in the national youth norm. There existed significant differences among the most factor scores of SCL-90 （P〈0.01,P〈0.05） .@The mental health of Wa was the worst. While, the mental health of Yi and Lahu were better than other ethnic groups. Conclusion The mental health of minorities medical school students is not optimistic.Therefore, the mental health education should be strengthened in the minority medical school students.