交际理解的推理、导向与制约

On Inference,Guidance and Constraints in Communicative Understanding

语用学虽然对语用推理或交际理解推理做了深入的研究,但对交际理解的导向与制约的研究不够深入,以致至今还不能从根本上解释交际误解产生的根源。本文将借助融语用学与认知语言学于一身的关联理论的基本观点,概述交际理解的推理,探讨其导向与制约,包括导向与制约的不可或缺性、机制和实现过程,以期揭示正确的交际理解的全貌,同时为人们避免交际误解提供理论依据。

Although lots of research has been done into pragmatic inference, yet few achievements have been made in the areas of pragmatic guidance and constraints. Hence the existing lack of a sound explanation of the origins of misunderstanding in communication. Relying on the basic viewpoints of relevance theory that deals with both communication and cognition, the author of this article summarizes pragmatic inference, discusses pragmatic guidance and constraints, including their indispensability, mechanism and realization, so as to lay bare the true nature of correct communicative understanding, and provide a theoretical basis for how to avoid misunderstanding in communication.