攀枝花市0～3岁儿童食物过敏流行病学调查

Prevalence of food allergy in children under 3 years of age in Panzhihua city

目的 了解四川省攀枝花市0-3岁儿童食物过敏现状。方法 2010年1月—2012年12月，采用分层随机抽样方法在市内3个城区随机抽取0-3岁儿童1 387名进行问卷调查、体检，对所有纳入儿童进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT），根据SPT和病史结果确定可疑病例进行食物排除（FE）和食物激发试验，由激发试验结果确诊食物过敏；筛查的9种食物包括鸡蛋、牛奶、鱼、虾、橘子、核桃、大豆、花生和小麦。结果 除28名失访外，共计1 359名儿童完成调查与体检，食物激发试验确诊食物过敏儿童103例，食物过敏检出率为7.58%，病史阳性率15.96%，SPT阳性率10.45%，FE阳性率9.49%；最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋（4.12%），其次是牛奶（2.43%），鱼（1.77%），虾（0.74%），花生、核桃、橙子等（各0.22%）；在过敏儿童中单种食物过敏者70.87%，2种食物过敏26.22%，〉2种食物过敏2.91%；常见的食物激发临床表现主要为皮肤症状。结论 攀枝花市0-3岁儿童食物过敏率为7.58%，最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋，其次是牛奶、鱼和虾，单一食物过敏最常见，食物激发临床表现以皮肤症状为主。

Objective To examine the prevalence of food allergy in the children under 3 years of age in Panzhihua city.Methods From January 2010 to December 2012,with stratified cluster random sampling,1 387 children aged 0-3 years in three districts of Panzhihua city were selected and asked to take a questionnaire survey completed by their parents and a routine health examination and skin prick test（SPT）.Based on the results of SPT and medical history,the children with suspected food allergy were tested with food elimination（FE）and oral food challenge（OFC）under medical supervision.Food allergy was confirmed by the oral food challenge test.The 9 kinds food for SPT were egg,cow＇s milk,fish,shrimp,orange,walnut,soybean,peanut,and wheat.Results Totally 1 359 children completed the diagnostic procedure and 103（7.58%）children were confirmed with food allergy.Egg（4.12%）was the most common allergen,followed by cow＇s milk（2.43%）,fish（1.77%）,shrimp（0.74%）,peanut（0.22%）,walnut（0.22%）,and orange（0.22%）.The rate of food allergy induced by one kind food was 70.87%,that of by two kinds food was 26.22%,and that of by more kinds food was 2.91% among the children with food allergy.The most clinical situation of OFC was skin symptoms.Conclusion The prevalence of food allergy in 0-3 years old children in Panzhihua city was 7.58%.Egg is the most common allergen,followed by cow＇s milk,fish and shrimp.Food allergy in children is often induced by one kind food.Skin symptoms is the most clinical feature of OFC.