对建筑工人及工程监理艾滋病干预效果的量化分析

Quantitative analysis on the AIDS' intervention of the workers and engineering supervisors

目的探讨小组参与式艾滋病干预活动数量和时间对建筑工人及工程监理艾滋病知识、态度及行为的干预效果。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取湖北省宜昌至巴东在建高速公路31个建筑营地中的4个营地作为干预点，每季度使用“健康干预工具包”对干预点的建筑工人和工程监理进行一次艾滋病知识及行为干预，历经～年干预后调查目标人群参与干预活动情况和其艾滋病知识、态度及行为的改变情况等。结果（1）共调查目标人群450人；接受干预0、1、2、3、4次后的艾滋病总知晓率分别为78．07％、94.40％、95．50％、96．40％和99．40％；（2）未接受干预与接受1次及以上次数干预目标人群的艾滋病防治一般概念和传播途径的认识提高明显，对艾滋病患者的态度也有显著性改善（P〈0．05）；（3）450人中在过去12个月有19．56％人发生过商业性性行为或临时性行为，接受不同频次干预的目标人群有时可以减少高危性行为的发生，但不是每种行为每次干预都有成效；（4）接受干预的目标人群主动寻求有关HIV／AIDS信息的比率显著上升（P〈0．05），干预4次后能主动与他人讨论艾滋病（P〈0．05）；（5）干预1～4次后目标人群仍难以真正掌握性病的知识和难以形成正确的就医行为。结论应用“健康工具包”干预至少1次，建筑工人及工程监理不仅能显著提高的艾滋病知识知晓率，降低对艾滋病患者的歧视态度，还能主动寻求有关HIV／AIDS信息，干预多次后能主动与他人讨论艾滋病，值得推广。长达一年的干预对改变建筑工人及工程监理的行为方式，降低不安全性行为的发生率有一定效果，但难以持久，且目标人群难以掌握性病知识和形成正确的就医行为。

Objective To evaluate the effect of the participatory AIDS intervention group activity, the relation between the workers＇ and construction supervisor＇s AIDS＇ knowledge, attitude and behavior with the number and frequency of the intervention. Methods Random sampling method was applied,four campsites from the 31 campsites in the highway between Yichang and Badong in Hubei Province were selected as intervention points, ＂Health intervention tool＂ was used to examine the workers＇ and construction supervisors＇ AIDS knowledge and behavior once a quarter. At the end of the one-year intervention,the participation of intervention activities, the change of the AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior of target population were investigated. Results （1） 450 participants of the target population were investigated; the total awareness rate of AIDS was 78.1%, 94. 4%, 95.5%, 96.4% and 99.4% respectively. （2） The understanding of AIDS prevention and control concept and transmission among those who received once or more than one intervention was significantly higher than those who had never received any intervention （P〈0. 05 ） ; （3） in the past year, 19. 6% among the target population had commercial sex or temporary sex. Those who had received one or more than one intervention, sometimes, might reduce high risk sex behavior, but might not be always effective. （4） the rate of active-information seeking about AIDS＇ knowledge significantly increased among the target population who had received the intervention（P〈0.05）. In particular,those who had received 4 interventions, could even actively consult others about AIDS＇ knowledge （P〈0.05） ; （5） Even those who had received 1-4 interventions might not properly understand knowledge about sexual diseases, and difficult to form correct seeking behavior. Conclusions After using ＂health intervention tools＂ for only once, not only the understanding of AIDS＇ knowledge by workers and supervisors could obviously increase, the discrimination against AIDS patients could also reduce, and could actively seek information about HIV/AIDS as well. After receiving many times of intervention,some could actively discuss AIDS knowledge with others. Therefore,it was worthy promotion. Up to a year＇s intervention ,it was effective to change the behavior of the workers and supervisors and reduce the incidence of unsafe behavior. However, it was unsustainable, because it was really difficult for the target population to properly understand knowledge of sexual diseases and form correct seeking behavior.