海南省育龄期妇女破伤风类毒素接种与新生儿破伤风病例监测的流行病学效果

An Epidemiological Surveillance on the Tetanus Toxoid(TT) Inoculation of Women at Childbearing Age and Neonatal Tetanus (NNT) Cases in Hainan Province

为了实现消除新生儿破伤风 (NNT)的目标 ,1996年卫生部、联合国儿童基金会与海南省合作 ,在三亚市、琼中县开展了消除NNT试点研究工作。方法是 :采用按容量比例概率抽样 (PPS)方法调查项目市、县活动前后育龄期妇女破伤风类毒素 (TT)接种率 ,育龄期妇女未接种TT的主要原因。育龄期妇女TT接种以突击接种为主 ,并逐步纳入常规计划免疫系统 ,NNT病例监测纳入急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例监测系统同时运行。通过项目的开展TT3 接种率分别提高到 87 3 %、88 8% ,NNT发病率下降到1/ 10 0 0个活产儿以下 ,TT未接种的主要原因为外出打工。监测系统报告男女病例比例 1 2 5 :1。建议 :①提高新法接生率 ;②将育龄期妇女TT接种纳入常规计划免疫运转 ,并应与计划生育、优生。

In order to realize the aim of eliminating NNT in our country, Ministry of Health and UNICEF cooperated with Hainan Province to make a pilot project in 1996 for eliminating NNT in Sanya and Qiongzhong The working method was to investigate TT inoculating rate of women at childbearing age with PPS sampling method before and after implementation of the project and the main reason for women at childbearing age missing TT inoculation Rush inoculation of TT was the main way and,gradually, TT inoculation was put into EPI system Surveillance of NNT cases was put into AFP surveillance system The results showed that TT 3 inoculating rate was improved to 87 3%, 88 8%,the incidence of NNT fell below 1‰ in Sanya and Qiongzhong through the project The main reason for missing TT inoculation was going out to work The ratio of male and female NNT cases was 1 25:1 reported from surveillance system Recommendation:(1)To improve child birth rate using new delivery method; (2)Put TT inoculation of women at childbearing age into EPI routine procedure and associate it with family planning