柴达木盆地资源开发的环境影响与对策研究

Study on Impact of Resources Exploitation and Utilization on Eco-environment and its Countermeasure in Qaidam Basin

柴达木盆地干旱少雨,风大沙多,水资源短缺,生态环境脆弱。水资源是资源开发和生态环境保护需要协调和优化的关键因素。柴达木盆地的资源开发以柴达木循环经济试验区为核心,重点构建以盐湖资源综合开发利用为核心的循环经济产业链体系。柴达木盆地盐湖资源、金属和非金属矿产资源、石油天然气资源开发以及主要工业布局将对水资源利用、盐湖水盐平衡、重点湖泊湿地保护、绿洲安全和水环境产生较大影响或带来累积性生态环境风险。针对柴达木盆地资源开发可能带来的环境影响和生态风险,提出了区域资源开发和产业发展布局的优化调控对策和促进经济社会可持续发展的环境保护对策和建议。

Qaidam Basin is a fragile ecosystem with drought and little rain, much wind and sand and water resource shortage. Water resources is the key factor of the coordination and optimization of the resources exploitation and the ecological environment protection. Qaidam Circular Economy Pilot Area is the core of the development and utilization of resources in Qaidam Basin. The goal of the area is to establish the circular economy industrial system with the Saline Lake resources as the core of the comprehensive development and utihzation of resources. Development and utilization of Saline Lake resources, metal and non - metal mineral resources, oil and natural gas and coal resources in Qaidam Basin and industrial layout will have some significant impacts and the cumulative risk on the utilization of water resources, the water and salt balance of the Saline Lake, the important lake and wetland protection, the security of oasis and the water environment. The countermeasures of regional resources development and the industrial layout optimization and the environmental protection suggestions to promote the sustainable economic and social development have been put forward according to the main environmental impact and ecological risk in the resources development.