人的解放与福柯的反抗权力策略

Human Liberation and Foucault's Strategy Against the Power

福柯对人的解放与命运给予了深度关切,他从历史与现实中社会个体的具体生存维度,深入研究了权力与人的解放的关联。福柯把权力运作概括为设定标准、规训、内化标准等"三位一体"方式,现代权力运作使人变成丧失批判性、超越性和创造性的物化之人。针对现代人被知识—权力宰制的困境,福柯力图寻求解放的出路,提出了"局部斗争"和"现代生存美学"两种解决方案和策略。福柯论证的权力运作方式与反抗策略存在自身的理论缺陷,但他以一种相异于马克思主义的方式,启迪我们对马克思人的解放理论应从宏观研究范式向宏观与微观相结合研究范式转换,其解放方案丰富了马克思人的解放理论。

Foucault paid much concern over human liberation and destiny. From the perspective of concrete existence of the individual in history and realistic society,he undertook a deep research on the relationship between power and human liberation. He summarized the operation of power as standard-setting,discipline,internalization of the standard. The operation of modern power makes human uncritical,untranscendent and uncreatable. With regard to the dilemma of restriction by knowledge-power,Foucault strived to find the outlet to liberation,and he put forward two methods for revolution,which are partial struggle and modern aesthetics of existence. Though the mode of operation of power and resistance strategy proposed by Foucault have their own defects,they promote the research on the theory of Marx's human liberation. They bring insight into how the theory of human liberation should transform from macro research approach to the combination of macro and micro approaches. And his liberation scheme enriches the theory of Marx's human liberation.