“新闻自由”与“隐私权利”的权衡——美国最高法院司法判例研究

The Balance Between "Press Freedom" and "Rights of Privacy"——The Study on Supreme Court of United States' Cases

新闻自由是美国宪法明文规定的最为重要公民权利之一,"隐私权利"虽然没有明文出现在宪法文本当中,但也属于公民最为珍爱的权利之一。在当代美国这样一个高度媒介化的社会环境下,究竞该如何权衡两种备受人们钟爱的权利已经成为联邦最高法院最为头疼的议题之一。实际上,这种权衡并没有一种一劳永逸的解决方案,更多的还是最高法院大法官内部不同司法理念甚至是不同党派阵营的相互冲突与妥协。因此,就司法判例而言,最高法院就两种权益的冲突与协调基本采取就事论事的实用主义态度。

This paper mainly discusses the balance of two rights between ＂press freedom＂ and ＂right of privacy＂ by the Supreme Court of United States cases. The freedom of press is one of the most cherished rights of American citizens according to the first amendment of Constitution of the Untied States. , while the rights of privacy is also deeply beloved by American people. So how to balance the two beloved and contradicted rights is becoming more and more troubled issue for the Court. There does not exist an ideal resolution for this balancing for the Court, so the Court focuses or emphasizes different aspects in terms of different case background.